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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Risk Factors Associated with Delivery Hospitalization Pulmonary Embolism.

Ruiyan Wang1, Joel Agarwal2, Yongmei Huang3

  • 1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Jersey, United States, Basking Ridge.

American Journal of Perinatology
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary embolism (PE) risk significantly increased in obstetric patients over 22 years. Rising chronic conditions and obstetric complications, particularly obesity, drove this trend, despite decreased postpartum infections.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding trends in obstetric PE and associated risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in obstetric PE rates from 2000-2021.
  • To determine the contribution of clinical risk factors to the changing PE risk during the study period.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (2000-2021).
  • Joinpoint regression to estimate trends (AAPC) in PE and risk factors.
  • Multivariate logit decomposition to quantify risk factor contributions.

Main Results:

  • PE rates significantly increased for both vaginal (AAPC 6.4%) and cesarean deliveries (AAPC 5.3%).
  • Chronic conditions and obstetric complications explained 39.2% (vaginal) and 54.4% (cesarean) of the increased PE risk.
  • Obesity was a major contributor for vaginal deliveries; chronic heart disease, hypertensive disorders, and obesity were key for cesarean deliveries.

Conclusions:

  • Obstetric PE incidence rose substantially over two decades.
  • Increasing prevalence of risk factors like obesity and chronic conditions significantly contributed to the rise in PE.
  • While postpartum infections decreased as a risk factor, the overall trend highlights the growing impact of chronic conditions on obstetric PE.