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Digital Outpatient Care for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (DigiDiaS): Pragmatic Observational Pre-Post Study
Ingeborg Spildo1, Heidi Holmen1, Annesofie Lunde Jensen2,3
1Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Journal of Medical Internet Research
|July 13, 2026
Summary
A digital health supplement for type 1 diabetes care, DigiDiaS, was compared to usual care. The flexible digital model did not show significant differences in self-management, glycemic control, or well-being after one year.
Area of Science:
- Digital Health
- Endocrinology
- Diabetes Management
Background:
- Digital health solutions offer patients with type 1 diabetes a platform for expressing needs in outpatient care, aiding tailored support.
- Limited evidence exists on the long-term health impact and routine integration of digital health solutions outside controlled research settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare a flexible digital supplement to outpatient care for type 1 diabetes (DigiDiaS) with usual care over a 1-year period.
- To evaluate the impact of DigiDiaS on self-management (primary outcome), glycemic control, and well-being (secondary outcomes).
Main Methods:
- A longitudinal, real-world observational pre-post study involving adults with type 1 diabetes at Akershus University Hospital, Norway.
- Participants chose either the digital mobile health (mHealth)-based DigiDiaS care or usual care.
- Data collected at baseline and 1-year follow-up included self-reported measures (PAM-13, WHO-5), clinical data (HbA1c), and digital platform utilization.
Main Results:
- Out of 237 patients, 185 (78%) opted for DigiDiaS care; 81% utilized the digital solution at follow-up.
- No statistically significant differences were found between DigiDiaS care and usual care in changes in self-management, glycemic control (HbA1c), or well-being.
- Health care utilization, including consultations and appointment cancellations, did not differ significantly between the groups.
Conclusions:
- Reorganizing outpatient care for type 1 diabetes into the flexible DigiDiaS digital model did not yield statistically significant improvements in health outcomes compared to usual care.
- The digital solution was utilized by over 80% of participants in the DigiDiaS group, with asynchronous messaging being the most frequently used feature.
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