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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies
07:10

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

Published on: September 29, 2023

Clickable Substrate Transport (CST): A High-Throughput Functional Assay for Solute Carrier Proteins.

Abigail L Macmillan-Jones1, Phillip Biallas2, Linda Kitching1

  • 1Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K.

ACS Chemical Biology
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new assay for discovering drugs targeting solute carrier proteins (SLCs). This innovative method uses a fluorogenic dye and bioorthogonal chemistry, overcoming challenges in studying these vital transport proteins.

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Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
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Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

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Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
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Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies
07:10

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

Published on: September 29, 2023

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
11:55

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

Published on: August 16, 2016

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
13:16

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

Published on: December 31, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology
  • Membrane Transport Proteins

Background:

  • Solute carrier proteins (SLCs) are a large family of membrane proteins crucial for cellular function.
  • Modulating SLCs holds therapeutic potential, but challenges exist in developing small molecules for less-studied members.
  • Existing in vitro assays for SLCs are limited, hindering drug discovery efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel strategy for discovering and developing small molecules targeting various SLC transporters.
  • To establish a robust and scalable cellular assay for monitoring substrate transport.
  • To overcome limitations in current screening assays for challenging SLC targets.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a cellular assay using a fluorogenic dye and bioorthogonal chemistry.
  • Utilizing the glucose transporter SLC5a1 as a model system to validate the assay.
  • Demonstrating the assay's robustness, scalability, and applicability across diverse substrates and targets.

Main Results:

  • A novel cellular assay was successfully developed and validated using SLC5a1.
  • The assay effectively reports on substrate transport through the application of a fluorogenic dye and bioorthogonal chemistry.
  • The assay is robust, scalable, and adaptable for a wide range of SLC transporters.

Conclusions:

  • The developed assay provides a powerful new tool for the discovery of small molecule modulators of SLC proteins.
  • This work expands the limited catalog of screening assays for traditionally challenging transporter targets.
  • The strategy is anticipated to accelerate the development of therapeutics targeting the therapeutically significant SLC superfamily.