Recent advances in nanozyme-based sensors for agricultural, food, and environmental molecule sensing

Nanozyme-based molecule sensing has emerged as a promising analytical modality in biomedicine and is now extending into agriculture, food safety, and environmental monitoring-domains in which operational complexity and field-deployment demands call for more robust alternatives to natural enzymes. Prior studies have already discussed progress in these areas; however, a coherent reference that consolidates representative nanozymes and recent examples of food and agricultural molecule sensing has yet to be satisfactorily established. This review presents nanozyme-based sensing platforms from an agricultural, food, and environmental perspective, summarizing recent advances and identifying key opportunities and challenges. Particular attention is given to more recently conceptualized nanozymes (e.g. single-atom nanozymes and organic nanozymes), highlighted for their material significance and emerging relevance to sustainable sensing in these sectors. We present representative examples and the underlying principles by which such nanozymes translate into sensing performance under practically demanding conditions, and we discuss current limitations and pathways toward sustainable platforms. Thus, these developments show nanozyme-based sensing taking on a growing role in agricultural safety, food safety and security, and environmental monitoring.