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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
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Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
09:13

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice

Published on: July 11, 2025

Mapping lncRNAs onto multilevel mRNA co‑expression modules in autism.

Chen-Ling Lee1, Geng-Ming Hu2, Yi-Pei Li1

  • 1Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Translational Psychiatry
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new framework, Minimum Span Clustering Network (MSCN), maps autism spectrum disorder (ASD) gene expression hierarchies and links them to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). This reveals neurodevelopmental and immune pathways involved in ASD, offering insights into gene regulation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
09:13

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice

Published on: July 11, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Neuroscience
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves complex genetic and transcriptomic changes.
  • Understanding gene co-expression hierarchies and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) roles in ASD is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce Minimum Span Clustering Network (MSCN), a novel unsupervised framework for analyzing multilevel mRNA co-expression hierarchies.
  • To apply MSCN to ASD brain transcriptomes to identify gene modules and their links to lncRNAs.
  • To investigate potential regulatory axes involving transcription factors (TFs), lncRNAs, and mRNAs in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and applied the Minimum Span Clustering Network (MSCN) framework to two independent ASD brain transcriptome cohorts.
  • Constructed traceable, multilevel mRNA co-expression hierarchies across four resolution levels.
  • Mapped lncRNAs to MSCN-derived mRNA modules and performed TF-lncRNA-mRNA mediation analyses.

Main Results:

  • MSCN identified hierarchical gene modules related to neuronal, developmental, and immune pathways in ASD.
  • The framework demonstrated comparable performance to existing methods (WGCNA, MEGENA) while providing explicit hierarchies.
  • Over 11,000 candidate TF-lncRNA-mRNA regulatory axes were identified, including those involving high-confidence ASD genes and named lncRNA mediators.

Conclusions:

  • MSCN offers a scalable approach to dissecting ASD transcriptomic architecture and identifying coding-noncoding relationships.
  • The identified regulatory axes provide a valuable resource for hypothesis generation and prioritizing ASD research.
  • Findings highlight interconnected neurodevelopmental and immune dysregulation programs in ASD, mediated by lncRNAs.