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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Second Harmonic Generation Signals in Rabbit Sclera As a Tool for Evaluation of Therapeutic Tissue Cross-linking (TXL) for Myopia
12:25

Second Harmonic Generation Signals in Rabbit Sclera As a Tool for Evaluation of Therapeutic Tissue Cross-linking (TXL) for Myopia

Published on: January 6, 2018

Revisiting the sclera as a target for glaucoma therapy.

Seungsoo Rho1,2, Young In Shin3,4, Andrew Want1

  • 1School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Eye (London, England)
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The sclera, once viewed as a passive barrier, is now understood as a dynamic interface influencing glaucoma treatment. Modulating the sclera offers new avenues for controlling intraocular pressure and delivering drugs to the eye.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Second Harmonic Generation Signals in Rabbit Sclera As a Tool for Evaluation of Therapeutic Tissue Cross-linking (TXL) for Myopia
12:25

Second Harmonic Generation Signals in Rabbit Sclera As a Tool for Evaluation of Therapeutic Tissue Cross-linking (TXL) for Myopia

Published on: January 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Glaucoma management traditionally focuses on trabecular outflow, but the sclera's role is increasingly recognized.
  • The sclera is a complex, mechanosensitive tissue influencing aqueous humor drainage and drug penetration.
  • Current minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) primarily targets conventional outflow pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the sclera's structural, biomechanical, and pharmacologic properties.
  • To explore the sclera's potential as a therapeutic target for glaucoma.
  • To discuss advancements and challenges in transscleral drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of structural and biomechanical data on scleral tissue.
  • Analysis of pharmacologic agents that remodel scleral extracellular matrix.
  • Review of emerging transscleral drug delivery technologies.

Main Results:

  • The sclera acts as a dynamic hydraulic interface, not just a passive barrier.
  • Pharmacologic agents can alter scleral matrix, impacting uveoscleral outflow.
  • Transscleral drug delivery methods show promise but face translational hurdles.

Conclusions:

  • The sclera can be modulated to control intraocular pressure and facilitate drug delivery.
  • A refined understanding of the sclera expands glaucoma treatment paradigms beyond trabecular interventions.
  • Targeting the sclera offers a novel approach for posterior segment drug delivery.