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The Nucleolus

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

Anaphase Promoting Complex

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...

Negative Regulator Molecules

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle

Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle

Published on: March 5, 2019

PCK2 Promotes Ribosome Biogenesis in Cervical Cancer Cells via Interaction with hnRNPK.

Fang Yang¹, Mengjuan Zhu², Jiaqi Qiu²

¹The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, #899 Pinghai Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, China.

Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)

|July 13, 2026

Summary

Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK2) drives cervical cancer progression by enhancing protein production. This enzyme interacts with hnRNPK, boosting translational efficiency and promoting tumor growth in non-gluconeogenic cancers.

Keywords:

Cervical cancer HnRNPK PCK2 Ribosome

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle

Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle

Published on: March 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Oncology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK2) is a key gluconeogenic enzyme.
PCK2 often promotes tumorigenesis in cancers from non-gluconeogenic organs via metabolic reprogramming.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the oncogenic role and mechanism of PCK2 in cervical cancer.
To validate PCK2's activity using patient tissue samples and cancer databases.

Main Methods:

Cancer database analysis and patient tissue sample validation.
In vitro cellular experiments and in vivo xenograft models.
Molecular biology techniques, transcriptomic, and proteomic sequencing.

Main Results:

PCK2 exhibits oncogenic activity in cervical cancer and localizes to ribosomes.
PCK2 directly interacts with hnRNPK, enhancing translational efficiency.
This interaction drives cervical cancer progression.

Conclusions:

PCK2 has a novel oncogenic role in cervical cancer by enhancing translation.
This mechanism contributes to tumorigenesis in non-gluconeogenic tissues.
PCK2 represents a potential therapeutic target in cervical cancer.