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Single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of postnatal camel liver development identifies candidate adaptive features
Huiquan Shan1, Ao Zhang1, Haotian Li1
1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
BMC Genomics
|July 13, 2026
Summary
Camel livers have unique cells, including a novel subtype of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), that may explain their resilience to arid environments. This study maps camel liver cell types across development.
Area of Science:
- Comparative genomics
- Single-cell transcriptomics
- Mammalian physiology
Background:
- Camels exhibit unique metabolic and environmental resilience traits.
- Understanding camel liver cellular composition is crucial for biological insights.
Purpose of the Study:
- To create a developmental atlas of the Bactrian camel liver.
- To identify distinct liver cell types and their functions.
- To explore camel liver adaptations for arid environments.
Main Methods:
- Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) was performed on Bactrian camel liver samples.
- Analysis included cells from newborn, weaning, and adult stages.
- 19 distinct cell types were identified and characterized.
Main Results:
- A unique subtype of hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFAC)+ liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) was discovered, not seen in cattle or humans.
- Hepatocyte development showed a transition from proliferation to metabolic states.
- Immune cell populations varied with age, with Kupffer cells prominent in newborns and T-cells in adults.
Conclusions:
- Camel liver cell composition may contribute to their resilience in arid conditions.
- Findings provide a foundation for studying camel liver biology.
- This research aids livestock adaptation studies for harsh environments.
