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Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded Poly(Beta Aminoesters) Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
Published on: August 13, 2021
Recent progress in the rational design of mRNA vaccines
Zijia Guo1, Jiayan Fu1, Luna Ran1
1National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Abstract:
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines, including circular RNA (circRNA) and self-amplifying RNA (saRNA), have emerged as the most transformative platforms, offering tremendous potential in prophylactic and therapeutic medicine, particularly in the prevention of infectious diseases and cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, their optimization remains limited by the instability of mRNA, its innate immunogenicity, and low protein expression efficiency in vivo. In recent years, rapid advancements in mRNA sequence design and delivery technologies have improved therapeutic protein production and enhanced vaccine efficacy and safety. This article reviews mRNA-based vaccines, including conventional non-replicating mRNA and emerging approaches such as circRNA and saRNA, with a focus on recent progress, sequence optimization, and delivery systems. Additionally, the article highlights recent advancements in computational technologies for vaccine design. Finally, the article outlines current manufacturing challenges and potential solutions.
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