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Program Director Gender and Female Representation in United States Anesthesiology Residency Programs: A Website
Korinne Dankievitch1, Christopher James Malgieri1, Benjamin H P Corman1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Advances in Medical Education and Practice
|July 14, 2026
Summary
Female anesthesiology program directors (PDs) lead programs with lower female resident and faculty representation, despite better website content on representation. This suggests broader factors influence gender equity beyond PD gender alone.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Anesthesiology
- Gender Studies
Background:
- Female leadership in medical education is theorized to impact gender representation.
- The specific influence of female program directors (PDs) on gender diversity within anesthesiology residency programs is not well-understood.
- This study investigates the association between PD gender and representation metrics in anesthesiology programs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if the gender of anesthesiology residency program directors is associated with female representation among residents and faculty.
- To evaluate if PD gender correlates with the content of anesthesiology residency program websites, particularly regarding representation.
- To explore the relationship between leadership gender and diversity outcomes in medical training.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 160 anesthesiology residency programs participating in the 2024-2025 NRMP Match.
- Program websites were assessed for 13 criteria across leadership, representation, and resources.
- Program characteristics, including resident and faculty demographics, were extracted and compared based on PD gender.
Main Results:
- Programs led by female PDs had significantly lower female representation among residents (27.9%) and faculty (27.4%) compared to male-led programs (42.8% and 44.4%, respectively).
- Overall website content scores did not differ by PD gender.
- However, programs with female PDs scored higher in the 'representation' domain of website content (p=0.042).
Conclusions:
- While women constitute over a third of anesthesiology PDs, residents, and faculty, female-led programs exhibit lower female representation.
- Female PDs' programs showed a stronger emphasis on representation in website content, yet this did not translate to higher demographic representation.
- These findings indicate that factors beyond PD gender, such as broader structural and institutional influences, shape gender equity in anesthesiology residency programs.
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