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Related Concept Videos

Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...
Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review
04:33

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Published on: November 8, 2024

Lung hernia: an updated narrative review.

Vladislav Muldiiarov1, Mark Shacker2, Sreeja Biswas Roy1,2

  • 1Division of Transplant Pulmonology, Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

Journal of Thoracic Disease
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary hernia, where lung tissue protrudes through chest defects, is increasingly seen post-surgery. Diagnosis relies on CT scans, with management tailored to hernia size and symptoms, ranging from observation to surgical repair.

Keywords:
Pulmonary herniachest wall defectintercostal hernialung herniationthoracic surgery

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review
04:33

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Published on: November 8, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Pulmonology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Pulmonary hernia is a rare condition involving lung protrusion through chest wall defects.
  • Historically linked to trauma, it's now increasingly reported in postoperative patients, especially after lung transplantation.
  • Spikes in intrathoracic pressure are also associated with this condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a narrative review summarizing current diagnosis and management of pulmonary hernia.
  • To synthesize findings from a targeted literature search up to December 2025.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across major medical databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, etc.).
  • Studies in English or French detailing human pulmonary hernia cases were included.
  • Data extracted included hernia characteristics, etiology, presentation, imaging, treatment, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The literature consists mainly of case reports and small series with varied definitions and reporting.
  • Thoracic and intercostal defects are most common; cervical, mediastinal, and diaphragmatic hernias are rarer.
  • Computed tomography (CT) is the primary diagnostic tool; management varies from observation to surgical repair based on clinical factors.

Conclusions:

  • More standardized reporting and multicenter data are essential for risk stratification and comparing surgical approaches.
  • Further research is crucial, especially for high-risk populations like postoperative and lung transplant patients.