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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
08:25

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship

Published on: January 8, 2019

Connecting the dots: historical perspective on lung volume reduction.

Avantika Nathani1, Jean Luis Reinoso1, Ashutosh Sachdeva2

  • 1Division of Pulmonary, Allery, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Journal of Thoracic Disease
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Lung volume reduction (LVR) for emphysema has evolved over a century, with modern techniques like endobronchial valves (EBVs) offering improved outcomes. Personalized, data-driven approaches are key for future emphysema management.

Keywords:
Emphysemachronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)endobronchial valves (EBVs)lung volume reduction (LVR)lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS)

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

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Unilateral Lung Volume Analysis Using Micro-CT for Enhanced Assessment of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Preclinical Models

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Lung volume reduction (LVR) has a century-long history for advanced emphysema treatment.
  • Early surgical methods had high risks and variable results.
  • Advances in physiology, imaging, and patient selection have driven modern LVR strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical evolution of LVR for emphysema.
  • To highlight key innovations and their impact on current practices.
  • To discuss future directions in emphysema management through LVR.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of historical and contemporary LVR literature.
  • Analysis of surgical and bronchoscopic LVR techniques.
  • Examination of patient selection criteria and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Early LVR approaches were limited by morbidity and inconsistent outcomes.
  • The National Emphysema Treatment Trial emphasized phenotype-based patient selection.
  • Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR), particularly with endobronchial valves (EBVs), has a strong evidence base.
  • Minimally invasive and robotic techniques, along with expanded indications, broaden LVR's scope.
  • LVR is increasingly used adjunctively with lung transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Historical successes and failures inform current LVR practices.
  • Understanding collateral ventilation and fissure integrity is crucial for EBV efficacy.
  • Multidisciplinary evaluation and personalized medicine will shape the future of LVR for emphysema.