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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
06:07

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Published on: October 22, 2020

Smoking accelerates immunosenescence in multiple sclerosis.

Meerah Khan1, Ekdanai Uawithya1, Joshua S Mytych1

  • 1Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cigarette smoking accelerates immune aging, increasing multiple sclerosis (MS) risk and severity. This review explores how smoking-induced immune senescence impacts MS onset, inflammation, and long-term disability progression.

Keywords:
cigarette smokingdisease progressionimmunosenescencemultiple sclerosisneuroinflammationoxidative stressrelapse

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Environmental Health
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated central nervous system disease.
  • Cigarette smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor for MS, linked to increased risk and poorer outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the hypothesis that smoking accelerates immune aging (immunosenescence) in the context of MS.
  • To explore how smoking-induced immune aging contributes to MS pathogenesis and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiologic, clinical, and mechanistic evidence linking smoking to immune system changes.
  • Analysis of smoking's effects on immune cell populations and function, particularly T-cells.

Main Results:

  • Smoking promotes immune phenotypes resembling physiologic aging, including reduced naive T-cells and increased senescent CD8+ T-cells.
  • Evidence suggests smoking impacts multiple stages of MS, from initial inflammation to neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Smoking-associated immune aging is proposed as a key biologic modifier of MS.
  • This process influences MS susceptibility, relapse rates, and long-term disability accumulation.