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The Greatest Challenges after Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: A Qualitative Analysis
Gaines Blasdel1,2, Carmen Kloer3, Nicky Zarchen4
1Department of Urology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.
Transgender Health
|July 14, 2026
Summary
Individuals undergoing gender-affirming vaginoplasty face significant postoperative challenges, including complications, dilation difficulties, and impacts on daily life and mental health. Addressing these needs can improve recovery outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Medical and Surgical Specialties
- Psychology
- Sociology
Background:
- Gender-affirming vaginoplasty is a complex procedure with significant postoperative implications.
- Patients often encounter physical, social, and emotional challenges during recovery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To qualitatively analyze the greatest challenges experienced by individuals after gender-affirming vaginoplasty.
- To identify key areas for improving patient care and support.
Main Methods:
- A community-informed, cross-sectional survey was administered to individuals who underwent vaginoplasty.
- Open-ended responses regarding postoperative challenges were thematically analyzed using an inductive approach.
Main Results:
- Seven major themes emerged: postoperative complications, dilation, impact on daily activities, mental health, lack of support, sexual function, and healthcare access.
- Postoperative complications and dilation were the most frequently cited challenges.
Conclusions:
- Findings highlight unmet pre- and postoperative needs for vaginoplasty patients.
- Enhanced psychosocial support and patient education are crucial for improving short- and long-term outcomes.
