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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Surgical Transplantation of Tumor Cells into the Spinal Cord of Mice
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Surgical Transplantation of Tumor Cells into the Spinal Cord of Mice

Published on: December 27, 2024

Neurooncology: 2026 update.

Michel Mittelbronn1,2,3

  • 1Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany.

Free Neuropathology
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Neuro-oncology research reveals neuron-tumor interactions, immune changes, and epigenetic plasticity drive brain tumor progression. Advances in AI and multi-omics offer new precision diagnostics and therapies for brain cancers.

Keywords:
Brain metastasisBrain tumorsGlioblastomaNeurooncologyNeuropathology

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Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: June 28, 2019

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Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases
09:36

Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: June 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Neuropathology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Brain tumors are complex, driven by interactions between neurons and tumors, the immune microenvironment, vascularity, and epigenetics.
  • Glioblastoma is a dynamic disease with synaptic integration, and melanoma brain metastases show significant microglial reprogramming.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight conceptual and translational advances in neuro-oncology and neuropathology.
  • To explore the role of neuron-tumor interactions, immune microenvironment, vascular heterogeneity, and epigenetic plasticity.
  • To showcase novel profiling approaches and computational pathology in brain tumor research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized molecular and spatial profiling techniques.
  • Applied proteomic and multi-omics analyses.
  • Incorporated artificial intelligence (AI) and nanopore sequencing for diagnostics.

Main Results:

  • Identified neuron-tumor interactions, immune remodeling, vascular heterogeneity, and epigenetic plasticity as key drivers.
  • Revealed distinct vascular and immune landscapes in gliomas and brain metastases.
  • Discovered clinically relevant immune-hot glioma subtypes with poor prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Modern neuro-oncology increasingly integrates molecular neurobiology, immunology, epigenetics, and computational pathology.
  • Emerging opportunities exist for precision diagnostics and targeted therapies in brain tumors.
  • Advances in AI and sequencing are transforming neuropathological workflows and intraoperative decisions.