Recent Progress on Dynamically Tunable Multispectral Stealth Materials

The demand for multi-spectral dynamic stealth technology in complex electromagnetic environments has spurred intensive research into dynamically tunable materials. It is achieved through real-time modulation of the optical, thermal or electromagnetic properties in the visible, infrared, and radar bands. In this review, recent advances in dynamically tunable materials are summarized and discussed in terms of electrical, thermal, and optical modulation mechanisms. The review further highlights structure-level design strategies, including metamaterials and metasurfaces for multispectral dynamic modulation. Finally, future perspectives are provided on artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted design to propel stealth technology toward leapfrog advancement.