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Primary Orthotopic Glioma Xenografts Recapitulate Infiltrative Growth and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase I Mutation

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Differences in Primary Molecular Subtype Distribution Contribute to Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adult-Type

David Gomez¹, Ishan Shah¹, David J Cote¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.

|July 14, 2026

Summary

Glioma incidence and survival rates significantly vary by race/ethnicity, with distinct patterns observed for molecularly-defined subtypes like IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. These findings highlight critical disparities in brain tumor outcomes.

Keywords:

biomarkers central brain tumor registry disparity glioma

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Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma

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Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma

Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma

Published on: September 13, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Epidemiology
Cancer Genomics

Background:

Molecular profiling is crucial for classifying adult-type gliomas.
Understanding demographic variations in incidence and survival of molecularly-defined gliomas is essential.
This study examines national-level incidence and survival patterns of glioma subtypes by race/ethnicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe national-level incidence rates of molecularly-defined glioma subtypes stratified by race/ethnicity.
To evaluate overall survival patterns for these glioma subtypes across different racial/ethnic groups.
To identify demographic disparities in glioma diagnosis and outcomes.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) for incidence rates (2018-2022).
Employed National Cancer Database (NCDB) data for survival analyses (2018-2021 with follow-up to 2022).
Calculated age-adjusted incidence rates and analyzed overall survival, median survival, and Cox Proportional hazards ratios.

Main Results:

Non-Hispanic White individuals exhibited higher glioma incidence across all types.
Non-Hispanic Black individuals and non-Hispanic other individuals showed the lowest incidence for specific molecular subtypes.
IDH-wildtype glioblastoma had the lowest four-year overall survival across all groups; non-Hispanic other individuals had increased adjusted overall survival for most subtypes.

Conclusions:

Significant disparities in glioma incidence and survival exist based on race/ethnicity.
These disparities are influenced by specific glioma biomarkers and molecular subtypes.
Findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and further research into the drivers of these variations.