Metal-Organic Framework Composite Piezoelectric Nanofibers for Wireless Tumor Treating Fields Therapy

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive brain tumors, with limited treatment efficacy due to tumor invasiveness, drug resistance, and the blood-brain barrier. Tumor treating fields (TTFs) provide a non-invasive strategy by disrupting cancer cell mitosis using alternating electric fields, but current systems rely on external electrodes and suffer from low field penetration. By producing localized electric fields in response to mechanical stimulation, implantable piezoelectric nanofibers present a viable self-powered substitute. Here, we designed composite nanofibers by incorporating Mn-Ti bimetallic metal-organic framework (MT-MOF) into electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. These composite nanofibers enhance piezoelectric output, enabling physiological motion-activated in situ TTFs generation for localized therapy without external wiring. Under ultrasound (US) stimulation, MT-MOF loaded nanofibers exhibits an output voltage of 0.35 V, generating adequate alternating electric fields to induce tumor apoptosis and ultimately promote cancer cell death. Good biocompatibility toward normal cells was demonstrated. In vivo experiments demonstrated that MT-MOF/PAN nanofibers effectively suppressed GBM tumor growth, highlighting their potential as a platform for implantable cancer treatment systems.