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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Walk with Me Hybrid Virtual/In-Person Walking for Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disease
07:21

Walk with Me Hybrid Virtual/In-Person Walking for Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: June 16, 2023

Partner-Specific Audience Design in Parkinson's Disease: Insights From In-Person and Virtual Modalities.

Si On Yoon1, Mallory Woepking2, Nandakumar S Narayanan3

  • 1Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York.

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with early Parkinson's disease (PD) largely maintain audience design skills, adapting their speech to a partner's knowledge. Communication modality impacts skill expression, highlighting the need for supportive cues in virtual interactions.

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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Walk with Me Hybrid Virtual/In-Person Walking for Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disease
07:21

Walk with Me Hybrid Virtual/In-Person Walking for Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: June 16, 2023

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Successful conversation relies on audience design, adapting speech to a listener's knowledge.
  • Parkinson's disease (PD) can cause speech and pragmatic impairments, raising questions about preserved audience design in affected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) retain the ability for partner-specific audience design.
  • To test if pragmatic deficits in PD attenuate partner sensitivity or if adaptive mechanisms remain intact.

Main Methods:

  • Two referential communication experiments involving label establishment (sorting) and adaptation (test) phases.
  • Audience design measured by expression length and definite article use, comparing individuals with PD to neurotypical participants across virtual and in-person, single and multi-party settings.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with mild PD successfully established shared labels and demonstrated preserved sensitivity to shared knowledge by adapting expressions for familiar versus unfamiliar partners.
  • While in-person interaction supported pragmatic adaptation in PD, virtual communication showed a modality effect with shorter expressions during sorting in virtual settings for the PD group.

Conclusions:

  • Audience design abilities are largely preserved in early Parkinson's disease, even in multi-party contexts.
  • Communication modality significantly influences the expression of these pragmatic skills, underscoring the importance of supportive cues in remote communication.