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Related Concept Videos

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment molecules...
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...

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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts
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Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts

Published on: August 7, 2018

Photoactive Heteropore Covalent Metal-Organic Frameworks for CO2 Photoreduction.

Xu Chen1, Fangjie Xu1, Yu-Yang Li2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Coordination Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel photoactive heteropore metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for enhanced carbon dioxide reduction. These new materials show significantly improved CO2 uptake and conversion efficiency, offering a promising solution for CO2 utilization.

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A Technical Guide for Performing Spectroscopic Measurements on Metal-Organic Frameworks
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A Technical Guide for Performing Spectroscopic Measurements on Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts
05:47

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts

Published on: August 7, 2018

A Technical Guide for Performing Spectroscopic Measurements on Metal-Organic Frameworks
10:13

A Technical Guide for Performing Spectroscopic Measurements on Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: April 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are recognized for their potential in photocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR).
  • Existing strategies focus on enhancing MOF photocatalytic activity, but photoactive heteropore MOFs for CO2RR are underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and investigate 2D copper cyclic trinuclear unit (Cu-CTU)-based heteropore covalent MOFs (CMOFs) for photocatalytic CO2RR.
  • To evaluate the impact of heteropore structures and photosensitive units on CO2 uptake and photocatalytic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two 2D heteropore CMOFs and two homopore analogues based on Cu-CTU.
  • Characterization of CO2 uptake capacity and photocatalytic CO2RR performance.
  • Evaluation of selectivity and apparent quantum yield (AQY) under specific conditions.

Main Results:

  • Heteropore CMOFs exhibited double the CO2 uptake compared to homopore analogues.
  • Incorporation of photosensitive units enhanced light harvesting and charge separation.
  • Achieved a CO generation rate of 3548 μmol g-1 h-1 with 94.7% selectivity and 6.78% AQY at 420 nm.
  • Demonstrated high photocatalytic activity under diluted CO2 and natural sunlight.

Conclusions:

  • Heteropore structures and photosensitive units synergistically boost MOF photocatalytic CO2RR performance.
  • The developed photoactive heteropore CMOFs show significant promise for efficient CO2 conversion.
  • This study highlights a novel strategy for designing advanced MOF catalysts for CO2 utilization.