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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Published on: February 28, 2025

The Case for a Pregnancy-Specific Nicotine Policy.

Edwin A Mitchell¹, Stephanie Cowan², Barry J Taylor³

¹Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)

|July 14, 2026

Summary

Nicotine use during pregnancy, in any form, poses risks to fetal and infant health. A new policy framework prioritizes nicotine cessation for improved pregnancy outcomes.

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Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

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Published on: February 28, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Public Health Policy
Neonatal Health

Background:

Nicotine exposure during pregnancy is linked to adverse perinatal outcomes.
The effects of various nicotine delivery methods, including vaping and snus, require careful consideration.
National policies on nicotine use in pregnancy differ significantly among high-income countries.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the adverse effects of nicotine on the fetus and infant.
To review and compare national policies regarding nicotine use in pregnancy.
To propose a comprehensive, pregnancy-specific nicotine policy framework.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of clinical guidelines, public health policy documents, and evidence-based recommendations.
Analysis of national policies from four high-income countries (New Zealand, UK, US, Sweden).
Development of a precautionary policy framework for nicotine use in pregnancy.

Main Results:

Smoking during pregnancy is strongly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.
Vaping and snus use show similar, though less consistent, associations with adverse outcomes, supporting nicotine avoidance.
National policies range from harm reduction (NZ, UK) to complete cessation (US, Sweden).

Conclusions:

A proposed framework prioritizes nicotine-free pregnancies and personalized cessation support.
The framework recommends caution with nicotine replacement therapy and discourages vaping.
Enhanced surveillance, including carbon monoxide monitoring, is crucial for protecting the mother-infant dyad.