Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Simple Superior Inverted Flap Technique with Extended Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for the Treatment of Large Macular Holes.

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)·2026
Same author

Correction: ISCEV extended protocol for the photoreceptor directed ERG using full-field silent substitution stimuli.

Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology·2026
Same author

ISCEV extended protocol for the photoreceptor directed ERG using full-field silent substitution stimuli.

Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Management of corneal allograft rejection in post-penetrating keratoplasty patients: a retrospective analysis.

Cell and tissue banking·2026
Same author

De novo and inherited dominant variants in U4 and U6 snRNA genes cause retinitis pigmentosa.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

No retinopathy after orbital irradiation in patients with thyroid eye disease - a follow up study.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Correction of Presbyopia by Monocular Bi-Aspheric Ablation Profile
05:46

Correction of Presbyopia by Monocular Bi-Aspheric Ablation Profile

Published on: September 20, 2024

Selective i-wave attenuation in unilateral high myopia.

Anett Porempovics1,2, Mirella T S Barboni3,4, Sára Makhoul1,2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.

Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in Ophthalmology
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Reduced i-wave amplitudes in electroretinograms (ERG) of highly myopic eyes suggest OFF-bipolar cell dysfunction in myopia development. This finding highlights the i-wave as a potential biomarker for myopia pathogenesis.

Keywords:
ElectroretinogramOFF-pathwayPhotopic i-waveRetinal signaling asymmetryUnilateral high myopia (UHM)

More Related Videos

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia
07:20

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia

Published on: January 22, 2019

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Correction of Presbyopia by Monocular Bi-Aspheric Ablation Profile
05:46

Correction of Presbyopia by Monocular Bi-Aspheric Ablation Profile

Published on: September 20, 2024

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia
07:20

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia

Published on: January 22, 2019

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bipolar cell activity is implicated in myopia development.
  • The i-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG) primarily reflects OFF-bipolar cell activation.
  • Altered retinal OFF-pathway function may contribute to myopia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare light-adapted ERG waveforms in highly myopic versus fellow healthy eyes in unilateral high myopia (UHM) patients.
  • To investigate potential photoreceptoral and post-receptoral pathway alterations in myopia using ERG.
  • To understand the role of OFF-bipolar cells in myopia pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Ophthalmological and electrophysiological examinations were performed on four UHM patients.
  • Standard light-adapted electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded using DTL electrodes.
  • ERG waveforms were analyzed comparing highly myopic eyes with fellow lower-myopic or emmetropic eyes.

Main Results:

  • Comparable a-wave and b-wave amplitudes were observed between highly myopic and fellow eyes.
  • Consistently reduced i-wave amplitudes were found in the highly myopic eyes.
  • These results indicate specific alterations in the OFF-bipolar cell pathway in high myopia.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced i-wave amplitude in high myopia suggests OFF-bipolar cell pathway involvement.
  • The i-wave may serve as an electrophysiological biomarker for detecting retinal signaling alterations in myopia.
  • These findings contribute to understanding myopia pathogenesis and developing targeted therapies.