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Related Concept Videos

Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye
08:21

Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye

Published on: January 14, 2021

Normal spermatogenesis in older men is associated with compensatory transcriptome changes.

Yihan Wang1,2, Sven Berres2,3, Henrike Krenz4

  • 1Institute of Reproductive Genetics, Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.

Geroscience
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Healthy male ageing preserves testicular function through molecular adaptations. Transcriptomic analysis reveals changes in splicing, metabolism, DNA repair, inflammation, and oxidative stress, suggesting compensatory mechanisms maintain reproductive capacity.

Keywords:
Alternative splicingReproductive ageingSpermatogenesisTestisTranscriptome

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A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
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A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

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Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome
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Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome

Published on: February 24, 2023

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye
08:21

Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye

Published on: January 14, 2021

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
09:40

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

Published on: February 6, 2018

Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome
12:25

Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome

Published on: February 24, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Molecular endocrinology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Male reproductive ageing involves complex histological and physiological changes.
  • Age-related diseases can complicate the understanding of male reproductive ageing.
  • Previous research indicated healthy ageing maintains spermatogenesis and hormonal function, but molecular mechanisms were unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcriptomic dynamics of the ageing human testis in healthy men.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms underlying preserved testicular function during ageing.

Main Methods:

  • Bulk RNA sequencing of testicular samples from young, middle-aged, and aged men with full spermatogenesis.
  • Analysis of alternative splicing events and gene expression patterns.
  • Validation of DNA double-strand break (DSB) accumulation using γH2AX marker.

Main Results:

  • Ageing in healthy human testes is associated with widespread alternative splicing affecting metabolic pathways and DNA repair genes.
  • Significant transcriptional changes related to inflammation and oxidative stress were identified.
  • Genes involved in double-strand break (DSB) formation and DNA repair, expressed during early meiosis, showed age-dependent patterns, but germline DSB accumulation was not observed.

Conclusions:

  • Healthy ageing in the human testis involves significant transcriptomic alterations, including alternative splicing and changes in inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways.
  • These molecular changes may represent compensatory mechanisms to preserve testicular function and reproductive capacity in ageing males.
  • The absence of abnormal DSB accumulation suggests robust DNA repair or tolerance mechanisms in the ageing human germline.