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Published on: December 4, 2021
Analysis of Characteristics Associated With Advanced-Stage Pressure Injury Classification Among Korean Hospitalised
Minkyung Gu1, Ye Seul Choi2, Sohyune Sok3
1Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Daejin University, Pocheon-si, Republic of Korea.
Nursing Open
|July 14, 2026
Summary
Male sex, increasing age, longer hospital stays, urinary incontinence, and malnutrition are linked to advanced-stage pressure injuries (PIs) in hospitalized patients. Early identification of these risk factors is crucial for effective PI management.
Area of Science:
- Medical Informatics
- Clinical Nursing
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Pressure injuries (PIs) are a significant concern in hospitalised patients, impacting patient outcomes and healthcare costs.
- Identifying factors associated with advanced-stage PIs is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with advanced-stage pressure injury (PI) classification among hospitalised patients.
- Utilised the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) patient sample database for analysis.
Main Methods:
- Secondary data analysis of the HIRA patient sample database (2017-2019).
- Classified patients into mild-stage (Stages 1-2) and advanced-stage (Stages 3-4) PI groups.
- Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated factors, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Main Results:
- Male patients had higher odds of advanced-stage PI classification (OR = 1.25).
- Increased age and length of hospitalisation were associated with higher odds of advanced-stage PIs (OR = 1.02 per year/day).
- Urinary incontinence (OR = 3.32) and malnutrition (OR = 2.76) showed strong associations with advanced-stage PIs (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Sex, age, hospital stay duration, urinary incontinence, and malnutrition are significant factors associated with advanced-stage PIs.
- Urinary incontinence and malnutrition are particularly strong predictors of advanced-stage PI classification.
- Findings support early identification and targeted management strategies for hospitalised patients at risk of advanced PIs.
