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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Functional Group Regulated Polyimide Binders for Silicon-Based Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Yurong Liu1,2, Qingdong Wang3, Kewei Li1

  • 1Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new polyimide binders for silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries. The PI-DABA binder with amide groups showed superior performance, maintaining capacity and forming a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI).

Keywords:
electrolyte swellinginterfacial interactionpolyimide bindersilicon anodesolid electrolyte interphase

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Silicon anodes are promising for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries but suffer from volume expansion during cycling.
  • Effective binders are crucial for maintaining electrode integrity and performance of silicon anodes.
  • Understanding the structure-property relationships of binders is key to improving battery stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different functional groups in polyimide (PI) binders on silicon anode performance.
  • To establish structure-property relationships for designing high-performance polymer binders.
  • To correlate binder structure with electrolyte swelling, interfacial interactions, and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of polyimide binders with varying functional groups (amide, ester, none).
  • Electrochemical testing of silicon anodes utilizing these binders.
  • Analysis of binder swelling behavior and interfacial interactions with silicon.
  • Characterization of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the anode.

Main Results:

  • The PI-DABA binder (amide groups) demonstrated excellent resistance to electrolyte swelling and strong interfacial interaction with silicon.
  • PI-APAB (ester groups) showed poor mechanical properties and excessive Li+ coordination, while PI-PDA (no polar groups) had weak interfacial interaction.
  • The PI-DABA-based anode achieved high capacity (2300 mAh g-1) and excellent cycling stability (70% retention after 300 cycles at 1 A g-1).
  • A stable, layered SEI (organic-rich outer, LiF-rich inner) formed with PI-DABA, unlike the mixed SEIs with other binders.

Conclusions:

  • Polymer binder structure significantly influences electrolyte swelling and interfacial properties.
  • Amide-functionalized polyimides are promising for developing stable and high-performance silicon anodes.
  • This study provides design principles for advanced polymer binders for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.