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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

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Published on: November 4, 2010

Peripubertal Changes in Asthma.

Alexandra E Silva^1,2, Giuliana Ferrante^3,4, Patricia Silveyra⁵

¹Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, and Sleep Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

|July 14, 2026

Summary

Asthma affects millions globally and is the most common childhood respiratory illness. This review explores the complex, multifactorial reasons for sex-based differences in asthma during puberty.

Keywords:

asthma asthma phenotypes dysanapsis puberty sex hormones

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
Immunology
Endocrinology

Background:

Asthma is a widespread chronic respiratory disease, particularly prevalent in children.
Significant sex-based disparities in asthma incidence, severity, and morbidity emerge during puberty.
The underlying causes of these peri-pubertal changes remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and synthesize proposed mechanisms contributing to sex differences in asthma around puberty.
To explore the multifactorial nature of these sex-based variations in a common childhood disease.

Main Methods:

Literature review of proposed contributing mechanisms.
Discussion of factors including anatomical, hormonal, immunological, mucociliary, and genetic/epigenetic differences.
Synthesis of current understanding regarding sex-based asthma disparities.

Main Results:

Sex differences in anatomy and development may influence asthma.
Sex hormones significantly impact airway inflammation, reactivity, and immune modulation.
Variations in mucociliary function and genetic/epigenetic factors also contribute to sex-based asthma differences.

Conclusions:

Peri-pubertal sex differences in asthma are multifactorial, involving a complex interplay of biological factors.
Further research into these mechanisms is crucial for understanding and potentially mitigating sex-based disparities in asthma.
Understanding these differences can inform targeted prevention and treatment strategies for asthma in children and adolescents.