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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A System to Create Stable Nanoparticle Aerosols from Nanopowders
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Published on: July 26, 2016

An Open-Source, 3D-Printable On-Plate Aerosol Delivery Array (OPADA) for In Vitro Aerosol Research.

Kevin D Schichlein1,2, Charlotte A Love1,2, Lexi M Field2

  • 1Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; USA.

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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We developed OPADA, an open-source system for in vitro aerosol drug delivery. This platform enhances deposition efficiency and throughput for respiratory toxicology and drug development.

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • In vitro aerosol exposure systems are crucial for respiratory drug screening and toxicity evaluation.
  • Conventional methods fail to replicate physiological aerosol deposition and disrupt air-liquid interface (ALI) models.
  • Existing commercial systems are often costly, proprietary, and lack flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, open-source in vitro aerosol delivery system to overcome limitations of current methods.
  • To improve deposition efficiency, throughput, and experimental flexibility for evaluating inhaled drugs and toxicants.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the On-Plate Aerosol Delivery Array (OPADA) system.
  • Validation through proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating uniform and reproducible deposition.
Keywords:
AerosolAir-Liquid InterfaceAirwayInhaled

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  • Biological relevance confirmed via calcitriol delivery and pirfenidone pharmacokinetic evaluation in ALI cell models.

    • Main Results:

    • OPADA demonstrated uniform and reproducible aerosol deposition in vitro.
    • The system enabled simultaneous multi-well, multi-compound exposures, increasing experimental throughput.
    • OPADA proved biologically relevant for evaluating inhaled compounds in airway epithelial models.

    Conclusions:

    • OPADA is an effective, reproducible, and open-source platform for in vitro evaluation of inhaled drugs and toxicants.
    • The system advances respiratory toxicology and drug development by providing a flexible and efficient exposure method.