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Formation of Complex Ions

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...

Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

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Perthionitrite-Induced Persulfidation in Binuclear Cobalt(II) Complexes§.

Anuj Baran Chakraborty¹, Rajib Hazra¹, Amit Majumdar¹

¹School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|July 14, 2026

Summary

This study shows that perthionitrite (SSNO⁻) can mediate the persulfidation of thiol groups, mimicking biological processes. This finding reveals a new role for SSNO⁻ in sulfur signaling pathways.

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Area of Science:

Bioinorganic Chemistry
Sulfur Chemistry
Biochemistry

Background:

Persulfidation of thiols is a critical physiological process involving sulfur redox reactions.
The exact mechanisms and mediating species in biological persulfidation remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of dicobalt(II)-nitrito complexes in mediating persulfidation reactions.
To explore the potential of perthionitrite (SSNO⁻) as a key species in thiol persulfidation.

Main Methods:

Synthesis and characterization of dicobalt(II)-nitrito complexes and their reaction products.
Utilized structural and spectroscopic methods for product and intermediate identification.
Employed control experiments to validate reaction pathways.

Main Results:

Two dicobalt(II)-nitrito complexes reacted with thiocarboxylic acids to yield persulfidated complexes in high yields.
Identified perthionitrite (SSNO⁻) as a key intermediate generated in situ.
Demonstrated that SSNO⁻ effectively persulfidates coordinated thiocarboxylates.

Conclusions:

Perthionitrite (SSNO⁻) is shown to be an effective mediator for the persulfidation of sulfhydryl groups.
This study provides the first evidence for SSNO⁻ mediating persulfidation, suggesting a potential biological role.
Highlights a novel S/N-crosstalk mechanism relevant to physiological sulfur modifications.