Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Quantitative Assessment of Upper Limb Motor Function Across Disease Stages in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis.

Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS·2026
Same author

Deep Phenotyping of F64L Mutation in a Multicentric Cohort of Patisiran-Treated Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis Patients (Patisiranitaly).

European journal of neurology·2026
Same author

When Pacing Fails After Generator Replacement: A Stepwise Diagnostic Approach to a Reversible Lead-Header Interface Problem.

Reports (MDPI)·2026
Same author

Clinical Outcomes of Sirolimus-Coated Balloons for the Treatment of Coronary Disease. The Metal-Free Registry.

The Canadian journal of cardiology·2026
Same author

Cascade genetic screening in families with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: diagnostic and prognostic impact.

European heart journal·2026
Same author

DNGR-1 signalling limits dendritic cell activation for optimal antigen cross-presentation.

The EMBO journal·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells
08:02

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells

Published on: September 23, 2021

Danger fuels immune escape.

Massimo Russo1, Santiago Zelenay2

  • 1Cancer Inflammation and Immunity, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Immunity
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular ATP (eATP) acts as a danger signal in tumors. It activates cancer cell receptor P2RY2, leading to immune suppression and resistance to immunotherapy via the COX-PGE2 pathway.

More Related Videos

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
10:13

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

Published on: May 6, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells
08:02

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells

Published on: September 23, 2021

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
10:13

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

Published on: May 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Molecular Signaling

Background:

  • Extracellular ATP (eATP) is recognized as a danger signal that modulates immune responses.
  • The tumor microenvironment harbors complex signaling networks that influence cancer progression and immune evasion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of extracellular ATP (eATP) in mediating immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment.
  • To identify the specific receptor and downstream pathway through which eATP exerts its effects on cancer cells and immune cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of signaling pathways in cancer cells.
  • Investigation of receptor-ligand interactions.
  • Assessment of immune cell function in the presence of eATP and its downstream mediators.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular ATP (eATP) signals through the P2RY2 receptor on cancer cells.
  • Activation of P2RY2 triggers the cyclooxygenase-prostaglandin E2 (COX-PGE2) pathway.
  • This pathway results in immune suppression and resistance to immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • eATP is identified as a key upstream signal driving prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression in the tumor microenvironment.
  • Targeting the eATP-P2RY2-COX-PGE2 axis presents a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome immune suppression and enhance immunotherapy efficacy.