A framework for reporting carbapenem-resistant organisms in companion animals in the United States

To characterize reporting and communication regarding carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) detected in companion animals and to assess the utility of an interagency communication algorithm.

A cross-sectional survey was distributed via the National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians member electronic mailing list from November 2024 through March 2025. The survey assessed reporting practices for CRO detections in animals. Survey questions addressed reporting scope, designated reporters, isolate submission, and the perceived usefulness of the proposed algorithm.

29 participants representing reporting jurisdictions in 23 states responded. Mandatory reporting frameworks relevant to animal CRO detections were reported by 2 respondents (7%) from different reporting jurisdictions in different states. In those 2 jurisdictions, animal health reporting entities, including clinicians and diagnostic laboratories, were identified as responsible for reporting, and isolate submission was not required. Among the 27 respondents who said reporting was not required, 11 (41%) indicated that reporting was encouraged, and 18 (67%) indicated that mandatory reporting had been the subject of discussions. The algorithm was rated useful by 28 respondents (97%), and 14 (48%) reported that their jurisdiction held agency discussions about appropriate responses. Developing an action plan was identified by 21 respondents (72%) as having the greatest potential to impact response to CRO detection.

Regulatory reporting of CROs was uncommon, but respondents endorsed a structured framework and emphasized the need for postdetection action planning.

Coordinated planning efforts could improve preparedness, helping support timely outbreak containment, reduce further transmission, and protect both human and animal health.