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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect
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Quantitative Model Explaining the Competition Between Calcium Phosphate Resorption and Bone Formation in Sheep Model.

Bikramjit Basu1,2, Susantika Paik1, Abhay Nagaraj1

  • 1Laboratory for Biomaterials Science and Translational Research, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study models bioresorbable ceramic resorption and bone formation, finding that optimizing ceramic resorption rates is key for bone growth. Tailoring these rates enhances biocompatibility for clinical applications.

Keywords:
bioresorbable ceramicbone growthceramic resorptionparametric sensitivityβ‐TCP

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Published on: August 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Research
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Bioresorbable ceramic biocompatibility depends on bone formation and resorption.
  • Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a model ceramic for studying these interactions.
  • Existing models lack quantitative frameworks for the interplay between resorption and formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mathematical framework to model the competition between ceramic resorption and bone formation.
  • To quantitatively analyze the temporal dynamics of bone formation and β-TCP resorption in vivo.
  • To identify key signaling pathways influencing bone growth kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mathematical model incorporating paracrine and autocrine signaling between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
  • Analyzed in vivo data from a sheep model to validate the model.
  • Performed parametric sensitivity analysis to determine influential factors on bone growth.

Main Results:

  • Model predictions closely matched experimental results, capturing key biophysical mechanisms.
  • Bone growth kinetics data aligned with Hill's model, a foundation in quantitative pharmacology.
  • Osteoclast removal rates and specific signaling pathways significantly influenced bone growth.

Conclusions:

  • A cross-over point between bone growth and β-TCP resorption occurs at 6 weeks.
  • Findings suggest tailoring resorption rates to support bone growth is crucial for bioresorbable ceramics.
  • Optimized ceramic design can enhance clinical applications by balancing resorption and formation.