Study on the application effect of intelligent follow-up based on KPAI theory in patients with diabetic retinopathy

With the continuous increase in the global prevalence of diabetes, the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) have become a global public health challenge. In China, due to population aging, lifestyle changes, and advances in medical diagnostic technology, the incidence and detection rate of DR have been increasing year by year. Therefore, exploring effective management and follow-up models for DR is of paramount importance in reducing the blindness rate caused by DR and improving the quality of life of patients. Based on the KPAI theory, a questionnaire for postoperative follow-up needs of patients with diabetic retinopathy was developed to determine the effectiveness of the questionnaire. The content of intelligent follow-up was adjusted based on the results of the needs questionnaire survey, and the changes in disease knowledge, physical, psychological, and social aspects of postoperative follow-up patients were evaluated. A total of 1372 patients with diabetic retinopathy who received treatment in our hospital's wards from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected. Among them, 278 patients underwent a postoperative follow-up needs survey, with 347 patients undergoing routine follow-up and 445 patients undergoing intelligent follow-up, with a follow-up time of one week after surgery. In the first participation of patients in intelligent follow-up, 20 patients were randomly selected for follow-up one month and three months after surgery to assess changes in patient indicators. The scale finally determined 16 items, including information acquisition, postoperative self-management, psychological emotions, and social integration, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.662, I-CVI range of 0.714 to 1, and an S-CVI value of 0.929. After routine follow-up and intelligent follow-up, negative social emotions, public health positive index, and scores of depression-anxiety-stress were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The boxplots after intelligent follow-up in the first week, one month, and three months all showed an improving trend. The questionnaire for postoperative follow-up needs of patients with diabetic retinopathy based on KPAI has clinical utility. The use of an intelligent follow-up system is beneficial to the postoperative recovery of patients with diabetic retinopathy and improves the physical and mental health of patients.