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Related Concept Videos

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Isolation, Fixation, and Immunofluorescence Imaging of Mouse Adrenal Glands
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Published on: October 2, 2018

Single-cell spatial transcriptomics reveals sex-dependent gene expression and intercellular signalling in mouse

Małgorzata Blatkiewicz1, Szymon Hryhorowicz2,3, Marta Szyszka4

  • 1Spatial Transcriptomics Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. blatkiewicz.malgorzata@gmail.com.

Communications Biology
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study maps the molecular landscape of mouse adrenal glands, revealing significant sexual dimorphism in the X-zone. This spatial atlas clarifies the X-zone

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genomics
  • Spatial Biology

Background:

  • Sexual dimorphism impacts adrenal gland function and disease susceptibility.
  • The molecular basis of adrenal sexual dimorphism, particularly the X-zone, is poorly understood.
  • The X-zone's specific cell types and functions require detailed molecular characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate a high-resolution spatial transcriptomic atlas of the mouse adrenal gland.
  • To identify and characterize cell populations and their spatial organization, focusing on sexual dimorphism.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the X-zone's function and its sex-specific characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Visium HD spatial transcriptomics on mouse adrenal glands (4 male, 4 female).
  • Cellpose-based cell segmentation for near-single-cell resolution transcriptomic profiling (~203,000 profiles).
  • Spatial trajectory inference and intercellular communication analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of ten distinct cell populations with sex differences concentrated in inner cortical zones.
  • The X-zone shows pronounced sexual dimorphism, marked by Akr1c18 (female-enriched), functioning as a progesterone-catabolizing compartment.
  • Female adrenal glands display greater intercellular communication complexity and enriched SPP1-integrin pathways in the X-zone.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial restriction is a key organizing principle of endocrine sexual dimorphism.
  • The developed atlas provides a foundational resource for understanding adrenal gland biology and sex-specific differences.
  • Findings have implications for precision medicine in adrenal disorders.