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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Clinical Application of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Radio Frequency for Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases
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Grading and Management of Puffy Eyelids.

Jingyi Huang1, Gaofeng Li2

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic Laser Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University Hunan People's Hospital, No.61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new grading system for puffy eyelids helps guide surgical plans for double-eyelid blepharoplasty. This approach led to high patient satisfaction and minimal complications in a recent study.

Keywords:
GradingOrbital fatPuffy eyelidsRetro-orbicularis oculi fatTreatment

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Published on: April 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Puffy eyelids can affect aesthetics and eyelid function.
  • Current management strategies lack a standardized grading system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a grading system for puffy eyelids.
  • To correlate eyelid severity with surgical techniques for double-eyelid blepharoplasty.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 132 patients undergoing double-eyelid blepharoplasty.
  • Classification of patients into mild, moderate, or severe based on preoperative and intraoperative findings.
  • Application of the three-point or incision method based on severity to address orbital fat and ROOF.

Main Results:

  • A grading system was applied to 132 patients.
  • The incision method was predominantly used for moderate to severe cases.
  • High patient satisfaction (99.24%) and low complication rates were observed, with only 1 revision surgery.

Conclusions:

  • A clear grading system for puffy eyelids is essential for effective surgical planning.
  • Tailoring surgical approaches based on eyelid grade is a feasible and successful clinical strategy.