Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Models

Molecular Models

Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.

SDS-PAGE

SDS-PAGE

Gel electrophoresis is a method that separates biological macromolecules like nucleic acids or proteins by forcing them to pass through a gel matrix under an electric field.
A variation of gel electrophoresis, termed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is commonly used for separating proteins according to their molecular size by passing them through a polyacrylamide gel. Because of the varying charges associated with amino acid side chains, PAGE can be used to separate intact proteins...

Newman Projections

Newman Projections

Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as conformers.

VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes

VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes

Overview of VSEPR Theory

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

T-Shaped Stibenium(III) Cation: Hydrostibination Without Sb─H Bond.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Valency-Controlled Multiphotochromism: Gated Switching and Photoswitchable Lewis Superacidity at Silicon.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Macropa Scaffold Expansion for Actinium-225 Chelation: A Synthetic Strategy, Labeling Kinetics, and Theoretical Calculations.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same author

Photoswitching Lewis Acid Catalysis with Highly Fatigue Resistant Photochromic Boronates.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

An Aluminum-Stabilized Aminonitrene.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025

Same author

A Terminal Germanium Oxido Dianion by Structural Constraints.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy

Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy

Published on: July 19, 2024

A molecular model for the Ge(100) buckled dimer.

Paul Janßen¹, Hannah Szabo¹, Eva A M Roesky¹

¹Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Nature Chemistry

|July 14, 2026

Summary

Researchers created a molecular germanium complex that mimics the behavior of semiconductor surfaces. This breakthrough allows for detailed study of surface chemistry in solution, advancing materials science and device fabrication.

More Related Videos

Microfluidic Synthesis of Microgel Building Blocks for Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffold

Microfluidic Synthesis of Microgel Building Blocks for Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffold

Published on: June 16, 2022

Online Size-exclusion and Ion-exchange Chromatography on a SAXS Beamline

Online Size-exclusion and Ion-exchange Chromatography on a SAXS Beamline

Published on: January 5, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy

Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy

Published on: July 19, 2024

Microfluidic Synthesis of Microgel Building Blocks for Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffold

Microfluidic Synthesis of Microgel Building Blocks for Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffold

Published on: June 16, 2022

Online Size-exclusion and Ion-exchange Chromatography on a SAXS Beamline

Online Size-exclusion and Ion-exchange Chromatography on a SAXS Beamline

Published on: January 5, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Inorganic Chemistry
Surface Chemistry

Background:

The 'buckled dimer' is crucial for silicon and germanium(100) semiconductor surface properties.
This polarized motif, with Lewis-acidic and Lewis-basic sites, is difficult to study directly.
Understanding its chemistry is key for passivation, functionalization, and device fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

To create a molecular system that replicates the germanium(100) buckled dimer.
To investigate the chemistry of this surface motif in a controllable, solution-phase environment.
To establish main-group complexes as models for solid-vacuum interface chemistry.

Main Methods:

Synthesized a dinuclear Ge(II) complex using a calix[4]pyrrolato ligand.
Utilized structural analysis (e.g., X-ray diffraction).
Performed quantitative Lewis acidity/basicity measurements and solution-phase reactivity studies.

Main Results:

A unique cis-bent geometry in the dinuclear Ge(II) complex emulates the Ge(100) buckled dimer.
The complex exhibits ambiphilic character with spatially separated, strong Lewis acidic and basic sites.
Solution-phase reactivity revealed surface-like features distinct from conventional digermenes.

Conclusions:

Constrained main-group complexes can serve as molecular surrogates for solid-vacuum interface chemistry.
This approach enables detailed interrogation of surface motifs in solution.
The findings offer new avenues for semiconductor surface functionalization and device design.