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Association Between Allergy, Asthma, and Cancer: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study
Mayo Hirabayashi1, Manami Inoue1,2, Taiki Yamaji3
1Division of Prevention, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Japan.
Cancer Medicine
|July 15, 2026
Summary
This study found no overall link between allergy or asthma and cancer risk in Japan. However, specific subgroups like male smokers with allergy/asthma showed higher colorectal cancer risk.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Inconclusive evidence exists regarding the link between allergy, asthma, and cancer incidence.
- Investigating this association is crucial for public health and personalized medicine.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between a history of allergy, asthma, and cancer risk in a Japanese population.
- To explore potential links between allergy/asthma and overall/site-specific cancer risks.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study).
- Employed Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
- Conducted subgroup analyses based on smoking status.
Main Results:
- No overall association was found between allergy/asthma and cancer risk.
- A borderline association was observed between allergy/asthma and thyroid cancer.
- Increased colorectal cancer risk was noted in male smokers with allergy/asthma.
- Increased cervical cancer risk was observed in never-smoking women with allergy/asthma.
Conclusions:
- The study found no significant overall association between allergy, asthma, or combined exposure and cancer risk in the Japanese population.
- Specific subgroup analyses indicated potential associations requiring further investigation.
- Further research is warranted to clarify the complex relationship between allergic conditions and cancer development.
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