Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite-Coated PRF on Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: In Vitro Study

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Stem Cell Biology
• Regenerative Dentistry

Background:

• Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is utilized in regenerative dentistry for tissue support.
• PRF preparation modifications, including tube surface characteristics, influence its biological activity.
• Investigating novel PRF formulations like nano-hydroxyapatite PRF (HA-PRF) is crucial for optimizing regenerative potential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the in vitro effects of HA-PRF on gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs).
• To compare HA-PRF with leukocyte PRF (L-PRF) and titanium PRF (T-PRF) in terms of cellular response.
• To assess cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis, growth factor release, and cytokine gene expression.

Main Methods:

• GMSCs were isolated and cultured with PRF membranes prepared from glass (L-PRF), nano-hydroxyapatite (HA-PRF), and titanium (T-PRF) tubes.
• Cell viability assessed via MTT assay.
• Apoptosis/necrosis evaluated by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry; VEGF, TGF-β1 by ELISA; and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α gene expression by qRT-PCR.

Main Results:

• HA-PRF and L-PRF groups exhibited higher cell viability than T-PRF on day 7.
• No significant differences in apoptosis or necrosis rates were observed among the groups.
• All PRF types showed time-dependent release of growth factors and altered cytokine gene expression.

Conclusions:

• HA-PRF demonstrates no cytotoxicity and comparable biologic responses to L-PRF.
• Both HA-PRF and L-PRF show more favorable cellular responses than T-PRF.
• HA-PRF presents a viable alternative to L-PRF for regenerative applications in dentistry.