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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

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Large-Scale Cell Production Based on GMP-Grade Dissolvable Porous Microcarriers

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Programmable Microcarriers for Stem Cell Therapy: Advanced Fabrication Strategies, Stem Cell Fate Regulatory Function

Yuqi Wang¹, Changmin Hu²

¹College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|July 15, 2026

Summary

Programmable microcarriers (MCs) combined with 3D culture advance stem cell therapy by overcoming manufacturing and functional limitations. This approach enables precise control over stem cell fate for regenerative medicine applications.

Keywords:

cell fate regulation microfluidics programmable microcarrier stem cell stem cell therapeutic applications stemness maintenance

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Fabrication of a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment Array

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Published on: September 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Cell Biology

Background:

Stem cell therapies offer great potential but face hurdles in scalable manufacturing, maintaining stemness, and controlling cell fate post-transplantation.
Current 2D expansion methods lead to stemness loss and functional decline, limiting clinical translation.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review advanced microcarrier (MC) fabrication strategies for regulating stem cell fate.
To analyze how MCs modulate stem cell behavior through physicochemical cues and dynamic properties.
To map recent advances in MC-mediated stem cell therapy for various diseases.

Main Methods:

Review of emerging MC fabrication technologies including microfluidics, electrospraying, and in-air microfluidics.
Analysis of MC modulation of stem cell adhesion, proliferation, stemness, and differentiation.
Mapping of MC-stem cell applications in osteochondral defects, autoimmune, skin, ophthalmic, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Results:

Programmable microcarriers paired with 3D dynamic culture address key bottlenecks in stem cell therapy.
Emerging fabrication technologies enable programmable MC control and scalable manufacturing.
Functionalized MCs demonstrate potential in treating diverse diseases by modulating stem cell behavior.

Conclusions:

Microcarriers offer a promising strategy for overcoming limitations in stem cell manufacturing and therapy.
Further research is needed to address challenges for clinical translation of MC-stem cell systems.
This review provides a roadmap for advancing MC fabrication, biomanufacturing, and cell therapy development.