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Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.

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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis
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Published on: January 11, 2017

The Composition and Differentiation of the Seed-Associated Microbiome in Rapeseed Seeds as Studied Through 218

Lei Sheng1, Yu Wang2, Peicheng Lu2

  • 1Bio-breeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230036, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed the seed-associated microbiome in rapeseed (Brassica napus) using transcriptome data. It revealed how microbial communities change under stress, offering potential for developing new crop protection strategies.

Keywords:
compositiondifferentiationrapeseedseed-associated microbiometranscriptome data

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis
06:31

An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis

Published on: January 11, 2017

Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling
07:18

Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling

Published on: May 21, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Microbiology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Rapeseed (Brassica napus) yield and quality are significantly impacted by biotic and abiotic stresses.
  • Seed-borne microorganisms can be transmitted vertically, affecting crop development and productivity.
  • Systematic research on the composition of the rapeseed seed-associated microbiome is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and compare the dynamic changes and functional differences of the seed-associated microbiome in rapeseed under normal and stress conditions.
  • To systematically investigate the response characteristics of the seed-associated microbiome in a large-scale rapeseed population.
  • To identify potential microbial resources for developing novel crop protection strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized public transcriptome data from 218 rapeseed seeds.
  • Analyzed microbial composition under normal growth, biotic stress, and abiotic stress conditions.
  • Referred to detected microorganisms as seed-associated microbiome due to the use of public transcriptome data without surface sterilization controls.

Main Results:

  • Revealed dynamic changes and functional differences in the seed-associated microbiome under various stress conditions.
  • Observed that some common genera were undetected, while rare taxa appeared under specific stresses.
  • Highlighted the unique potential of seed-originating microbes for plant interaction and colonization.

Conclusions:

  • The seed-associated microbiome of rapeseed exhibits distinct responses to environmental stresses.
  • Rare taxa within the seed microbiome may play crucial roles under specific conditions.
  • These seed-associated microbes represent a promising source for developing biological control agents against rapeseed diseases and pests.