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Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking of Syzygium nervosum Extracts on Antiproliferative Effect in Prostate
Napatsorn Saiyasit1,2, Tanakamol Mahawan3,4, Nitchakan Darai4,5
1Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
Abstract:
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality in men globally. Although current therapies can control early-stage disease, advanced PCa remains difficult to treat because of therapeutic resistance and adverse side effects, highlighting the need for new treatment strategies. Syzygium nervosum (SN), a medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds such as gallic acid and ellagic acid, has demonstrated anticancer properties in several malignancies; however, its effects on PCa remain unclear. This study investigated the anticancer potential of SN using integrated computational and in vitro approaches. DU145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cells were treated with SN extract at concentrations of 25-400 µg/mL for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability, colony formation, and cell-cycle progression were evaluated to determine antiproliferative activity. In parallel, computational analyses were performed to predict molecular targets of SN-derived compounds. Our results displayed that SN extract reduced cell viability, suppressed clonogenic growth, and disrupted cell-cycle progression in both cell lines. Computational findings suggested that gallic and ellagic acids may interact with key regulatory proteins related to cell proliferation and survival, including AKT and CDK2. Overall, SN demonstrates promising anticancer activity and may represent a potential therapeutic source for prostate cancer treatment.
Insights
Syzygium nervosum (SN) extract shows anticancer effects against prostate cancer (PCa) by reducing cell viability and disrupting cell-cycle progression. Bioactive compounds in SN may target key proteins involved in PCa growth.
Area of Science:
- Phytochemistry
- Oncology
- Computational Biology
Background:
- Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer mortality in men worldwide.
- Advanced PCa is challenging to treat due to therapeutic resistance and side effects, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
- Syzygium nervosum (SN), a medicinal plant containing gallic and ellagic acids, has shown anticancer potential, but its efficacy against PCa is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anticancer potential of Syzygium nervosum (SN) extract against prostate cancer (PCa) cells.
- To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying SN's effects using integrated computational and in vitro methods.
- To identify potential therapeutic applications of SN for prostate cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- In vitro antiproliferative assays were conducted on DU145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines treated with SN extract.
- Evaluated parameters included cell viability, colony formation, and cell-cycle progression.
- Computational analyses were performed to predict molecular targets of SN-derived compounds, specifically gallic and ellagic acids.
Main Results:
- SN extract significantly reduced cell viability and suppressed clonogenic growth in both PCa cell lines.
- SN extract treatment disrupted normal cell-cycle progression in DU145 and PC-3 cells.
- Computational predictions indicated that gallic and ellagic acids may interact with key regulatory proteins like AKT and CDK2, involved in cell proliferation and survival.
Conclusions:
- Syzygium nervosum extract exhibits significant antiproliferative and cell-cycle-disrupting effects on prostate cancer cells.
- Gallic and ellagic acids from SN are potential candidates for targeting key proteins in prostate cancer pathways.
- SN demonstrates promise as a natural therapeutic source for advanced prostate cancer treatment.
