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Single-Cell Omics Advances in Understanding Tissue Development and Complex Trait Formation in Sheep and Goats.

Jianfang Wang1, Haobin Ma2, Diba Dedacha Jilo2,3

  • 1College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Single-cell omics advances sheep and goat research, revealing cellular insights into traits like wool quality and fertility. Integrating multi-omics and population genetics promises to accelerate precision breeding in small ruminants.

Keywords:
precision breedingsheep and goatssingle-cell omicstissue developmenttrait formation

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Animal Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Single-cell omics technologies offer high-resolution analysis of cellular heterogeneity in sheep and goats.
  • Previous studies explored various tissues, identifying cell-specific programs for traits like wool quality and fertility.
  • Limitations include incomplete genome annotation and poor integration with population genetics for breeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review single-cell omics advancements in sheep and goats, focusing on tissue development and trait formation.
  • To discuss emerging strategies integrating multi-omics, spatial transcriptomics, and population genetics.
  • To highlight CRISPR/Cas9 for genotype-phenotype linkage and precision breeding.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on single-cell omics in sheep and goats.
  • Discussion of integrated multi-omics, spatial transcriptomics, and population genetics approaches.
  • Exploration of CRISPR/Cas9 for gene validation.

Main Results:

  • Single-cell omics has revealed cell type-specific regulatory programs for key production traits in sheep and goats.
  • Current limitations hinder direct application in molecular breeding programs.
  • Emerging integrated strategies offer enhanced resolution for regulatory mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell omics is a powerful tool for understanding sheep and goat biology and trait development.
  • Integration of advanced omics and population genetics is crucial for future breeding applications.
  • CRISPR/Cas9 technology can accelerate gene discovery and precision breeding in small ruminants.