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RETRACTED: Min et al. Malted Barley as a Potential Feed Supplementation for the Reduction of Enteric Methane Emissions, Rumen Digestibility, and Microbiome Community Changes in Laboratory Conditions. <i>Animals</i> 2025, <i>15</i>, 664.

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Summary

Rumen microbes Pediococcus sp. (PE) and Streptococcus sp. (ST) can alter goat rumen fermentation. Supplementation with these isolates changed microbial interactions and fermentation products like propionate.

Keywords:

community analysis in vitro fermentation lactic acid producing bacteria rumen microbial community

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Area of Science:

Rumen microbiology
Animal nutrition
Fermentation science

Background:

Rumen microorganisms play a key role in ruminant digestion.
Direct-fed microbials derived from the rumen are potential feed additives.
The impact of goat rumen isolates on rumen fermentation is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effects of Pediococcus sp. (PE) and Streptococcus sp. (ST) isolates from goat rumen on rumen fermentation.
To assess the impact of these isolates on microbial composition and fermentation characteristics in goats.

Main Methods:

In vitro rumen fermentation assays were conducted with varying inoculation levels (10^4, 10^6, 10^8 CFU/mL) for 24 hours.
A 3x3 Latin square feeding trial evaluated long-term supplementation effects in goats over three 21-day periods.
Microbial co-occurrence networks were analyzed to understand isolate-driven microbial interactions.

Main Results:

Both PE and ST increased propionate proportion and decreased the acetate-to-propionate ratio in vitro.
PE increased total gas and methane production, while high-dose ST altered the abundance of key bacterial families like Prevotellaceae and Fibrobacteraceae.
Long-term supplementation altered microbial co-occurrence networks and dominant microbial modules in the rumen.

Conclusions:

Goat rumen-derived isolates PE and ST show potential for modulating rumen fermentation.
Supplementation effects depend on the isolate type and dosage, influencing microbial interactions and fermentation pathways.
These isolates may reshape microbial community dynamics, offering a novel approach to manage rumen function in goats.