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Y-Linked Expression Signatures Distinguish Dysfunctional Testicular States in Sheep.

Yangkai Liu1, Yali Song1, Jialei Chen1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
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PubMed
Summary

Sheep Y chromosome gene expression is crucial for testicular development. This study reveals distinct Y-linked gene patterns during development and pathology, identifying key genes in sheep reproductive health.

Keywords:
Y chromosomecryptorchidismgametologssheeptestis development

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Reproductive Biology
  • Mammalian Genetics
  • Spermatogenesis Research

Background:

  • The sheep Y chromosome's role in testicular development and spermatogenesis is vital but poorly understood at the transcriptional level.
  • Characterizing Y-linked gene expression dynamics is essential for understanding reproductive health and disease in sheep.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To profile Y-linked gene expression across postnatal development and varying testicular/epididymal weights in Hu sheep.
  • To identify Y-linked genes associated with testicular maturation and pathology.
  • To investigate the expression correlation of X-Y gametolog pairs in different reproductive tissues.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed on Hu sheep testes across developmental stages (0-12 months) and different weight/pathology groups (normal, small, large, cryptorchid).
  • Developmental trajectory analysis and differential gene expression analysis were performed on 134 expressed Y-linked genes.
  • Hierarchical clustering and correlation analysis were used for X-Y gametolog pairs.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct Y-linked gene expression patterns were observed during development: progressive activation, decrease, and stage-specific expression.
  • Forty-one Y-linked genes were downregulated in small, cryptorchid, and pre-pubertal testes compared to mature testes.
  • The X-Y gametolog pair DDX3X/DDX3Y showed a negative correlation in testes but a positive correlation in the epididymis, indicating tissue-specific regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Y-linked transcriptional profiles can effectively differentiate between testicular pathology and normal maturation in sheep.
  • Specific Y-linked genes are significantly altered in pathological testicular conditions.
  • The regulation of DDX3X/DDX3Y gene expression is highly tissue-specific between the testes and epididymis.