Bridging the Gap Between Awareness and Practice in Breast Cancer Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide and a major public health concern. Early detection through screening methods such as breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography is associated with improved prognosis and reduced mortality. However, adherence to screening recommendations remains suboptimal and is influenced by multiple sociodemographic and psychosocial factors.

This study aimed to assess women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breast cancer screening and to identify factors associated with preventive behavior.

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 1233 women from the general population. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, awareness of screening methods, attitudes toward prevention, and screening practices. Statistical analysis involved descriptive measures and multivariate regression models to identify predictors of knowledge and attitudes.

High levels of awareness were observed, with 96.5% reporting knowledge of breast self-examination, 94.5% clinical examination, and 95.0% mammography. Despite this, a gap between knowledge and practice was evident. Although 79.5% reported knowing how to perform breast self-examination, only 22.7% practiced it monthly, and 19.2% never performed it. Clinical examination within the past year was reported by 49.4%, while 13.3% had never undergone it. Among the women 45+ years old, 86% reported undergoing mammography every two years. Education, income, age, and place of residence were significantly associated with outcomes.

A substantial gap exists between awareness and practice. Effective interventions should address behavioral, psychosocial, and structural barriers to improve screening uptake.