The Role of Insurance Mechanisms in Managing Zoonotic Risk Within the One Health Approach

Zoonotic diseases represent an increasing health, economic, and social risk in the context of intensified movement of people, animals, and goods, which creates conditions for their rapid spread and the emergence of pandemics. The One Health approach provides an integrated framework that brings together human, animal, and environmental health in order to enable more effective risk management. This study aims to examine the role of insurance and financial mechanisms in zoonotic risk management in the context of One Health. The review identifies four main categories of mechanisms relevant to zoonotic risk management: human health insurance, animal insurance and compensation schemes for livestock producers, public emergency financing mechanisms, and integrated risk-sharing models. The analysis shows that these mechanisms often operate within separate sectors, which may limit their effectiveness in managing complex health threats. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of zoonotic risk management depends not only on the availability of financial resources, but also on how these mechanisms are integrated across sectors. In this context, insurance mechanisms are considered tools for both cost compensation and risk management. They support prevention, early detection, and disease control. The need for their integration within the One Health framework is emphasized. It is also necessary to develop models that ensure a more equitable distribution of risk and financial sustainability for the population as a whole.