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Related Concept Videos

Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
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Small Intestines
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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers
07:18

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Published on: January 9, 2026

Meconium Microbiome Maturation Patterns Linked to Postnatal Growth Failure in Neonates.

Hyun Ho Kim1, Sae Yun Kim1, Hyun-Mi Kang1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.

Nutrients
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Infant gut microbiome composition in meconium differs in those who experience postnatal growth failure (PGF). Microbial maturation patterns also vary by gestational age (GA) and PGF status, indicating early developmental differences.

Keywords:
gut microbiotameconium microbiomemicrobial maturationpostnatal growth failurepreterm infants

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

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Published on: July 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Neonatal development
  • Infant growth

Background:

  • Postnatal growth failure (PGF) impacts infant health.
  • Understanding the early life microbiome is crucial for infant development.
  • Meconium microbiome composition may predict later growth outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in meconium microbial profiles based on PGF.
  • To determine if gestational age (GA)-related microbial maturation varies with growth status.
  • To analyze the association between PGF and meconium microbiome composition.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA sequencing of meconium samples from 310 neonates (22-40 weeks gestation).
  • Comparison of microbial composition and diversity between PGF+ and PGF- infants (excluding SGA).
  • Distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) to assess PGF's independent effect on microbiome.

Main Results:

  • Meconium microbiome differed significantly between PGF+ and PGF- infants.
  • PGF+ infants showed higher Proteobacteria; PGF- infants had higher Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.
  • Gestational age-related microbial maturation patterns varied, with fewer significant genus-level correlations in PGF+ infants.

Conclusions:

  • Postnatal growth failure is linked to abundance-based shifts in meconium microbial taxa.
  • Subtle differences in early microbial development may precede PGF.
  • Meconium microbiome analysis offers insights into infant growth trajectories.