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Coverage Probability Analysis and Relay Placement Optimization for Two-Hop LoRa Networks with Random Traffic
1School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810000, China.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 15, 2026
Summary
This study optimizes relay placement in two-hop LoRa networks to improve coverage probability. Optimized relay placement significantly enhances communication reliability for edge devices.
Area of Science:
- Wireless communication networks
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- Signal processing
Background:
- Direct LoRa uplink transmissions suffer from path loss, noise, fading, and interference, reducing SINR and coverage.
- Random traffic activation in LoRa networks further complicates interference and degrades reliability.
- Existing solutions often overlook the impact of random traffic and multi-SF coexistence on coverage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an integrated framework for analyzing coverage probability in two-hop LoRa networks with random traffic activation.
- To optimize the placement of decode-and-forward (DF) relays to maximize system coverage probability.
- To enhance the communication reliability of edge-node transmissions in LoRa networks.
Main Methods:
- A two-hop LoRa uplink network model incorporating path loss, noise, fading, and interference from random traffic activation.
- Development of SINR-based coverage probability models for single-hop and two-hop transmissions, considering multi-SF coexistence.
- Formulation of a relay placement optimization problem to maximize weighted average system coverage probability.
Main Results:
- The proposed framework accurately models coverage probability considering random traffic and multi-SF interference.
- Optimized relay placement significantly improves end-to-end coverage probability compared to fixed or random placement.
- The random-traffic-aware relay placement strategy enhances overall communication reliability.
Conclusions:
- The integrated framework provides a robust method for coverage analysis in complex LoRa networks.
- Optimized relay placement is crucial for maximizing LoRa network performance and reliability.
- The proposed approach effectively addresses challenges posed by random traffic and interference in IoT deployments.
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