Cannabidiol in Dietary Supplements: Characteristics, Routes of Administration, Bioavailability, and Research...

Area of Science:

• Nutraceutical Science
• Pharmacology
• Food Science

Background:

• Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound from Cannabis sativa L., is recognized for potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.
• Its use in dietary supplements and functional foods is growing, but faces hurdles like low oral bioavailability and limited safety data.
• Regulatory scrutiny, particularly in the EU where CBD products are Novel Foods, necessitates thorough safety assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on CBD in dietary supplements.
• To examine factors affecting CBD absorption, pharmacokinetics, and stability in various formulations.
• To outline the regulatory landscape and identify scientific/technological challenges for CBD supplements.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific publications and regulatory documents.
• Analysis of CBD chemical characteristics, administration routes, and pharmacokinetic profiles.
• Evaluation of common CBD supplement formulations (oils, capsules, gummies, e-liquids) for stability and bioavailability.

Main Results:

• CBD's therapeutic potential is linked to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
• Low and variable oral bioavailability significantly impacts CBD efficacy in supplements.
• Various formulations (oils, capsules, gummies, e-liquids) present distinct challenges for CBD stability and absorption.

Conclusions:

• Addressing CBD's bioavailability and stability is crucial for effective dietary supplements.
• Navigating the Novel Food regulations and ensuring long-term safety are key for market authorization.
• Further research and technological innovation are needed to overcome scientific and manufacturing challenges in CBD supplementation.