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Porosity in Cement Paste

Porosity in Cement Paste

The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
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Microcracking in Concrete

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Pozzolans

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO₂-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

Published on: June 12, 2019

Study on Grouting Repair Effect of Post-Peak Coal Samples.

Yaohui Zhang¹, Zuqiang Xiong², Xufeng Liu³

¹School of Resources and Safety, Henan College of Industry & Information Technology, Jiaozuo 454000, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 15, 2026

Summary

Grouting fractured coal with ultra-fine cement improves its strength and stability. This method enhances the coal

Keywords:

capacity repair coal cracking failure grouting reinforcement

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Quantitative Analysis by Thermogravimetry-Mass Spectrum Analysis for Reactions with Evolved Gases

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Published on: October 29, 2018

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO₂-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

Published on: June 12, 2019

Quantitative Analysis by Thermogravimetry-Mass Spectrum Analysis for Reactions with Evolved Gases

Quantitative Analysis by Thermogravimetry-Mass Spectrum Analysis for Reactions with Evolved Gases

Published on: October 29, 2018

Area of Science:

Geotechnical Engineering
Materials Science
Mining Engineering

Background:

Coal's brittle nature and structural defects cause failures under mining stress.
Slab cracking, roof collapse, and roadway deformation are common mining hazards.
On-site grouting of fractured coal is a potential disaster prevention method.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanism of on-site grouting for fractured coal bodies.
To develop and test a modified ultra-fine cement grouting material and system.
To evaluate the effectiveness of grouting in enhancing coal's mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

Development of a modified ultra-fine cement grouting material.
Design of a high-pressure continuous grouting system.
Grouting and uniaxial compression tests on post-peak coal samples.

Main Results:

Grouted coal recovered 65-85% of the peak strength of intact coal.
Significant pre-peak plastic deformation and stable post-peak strain softening were observed.
Grouting improved the internal stress state and coordinated deformation of coal samples.

Conclusions:

Grouting acts as a ductile skeleton, enhancing coal's post-peak bearing capacity.
The developed grouting material and system effectively improve fractured coal stability.
This technique offers a viable solution for preventing coal mining disasters.