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Reinforcements in Concrete

Reinforcements in Concrete

Reinforced concrete is a composite material used extensively in construction, combining the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel. This synergy is essential as concrete, while excellent at resisting compression, is weak under tension. Steel bars, or rebars, are embedded in the concrete to handle these tensile forces. The choice of steel is strategic; it shares a similar coefficient of thermal expansion with concrete, which ensures uniformity in response to...

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...

Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete

Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete

Considering the tensile strength of concrete involves recognizing that the theoretical strength of cement paste can be up to a thousand times higher than what is observed in practical applications. This significant discrepancy is largely attributed to the presence of microscopic cracks within the concrete. These cracks tend to amplify stress at their tips when a load is applied, a phenomenon explained by Griffith's theory of brittle fracture.
The dimensions and shape of a concrete specimen also...

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...

Corrosion of Reinforcement

Corrosion of Reinforcement

The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...

Steel Fastening Techniques

Steel Fastening Techniques

Steel sections can be joined together through various fastening techniques including riveting, bolting, and welding, each suitable for different structural requirements and conditions.
Rivets are cylindrical steel fasteners with a specially designed head. During application, rivets are heated until white-hot and then inserted through pre-drilled holes in the steel sections. A pneumatic hammer is used to shape the exposed end into a second head, securing the sections together.
Bolting is another...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

Published on: June 27, 2018

Adhesively Bonded Steel-Concrete Composite Structures: A Systematic Literature Review.

Alexandre Rocha^1,2, Isabel B Valente¹, José B Aguiar²

¹ISISE-Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 15, 2026

Summary

Adhesively bonded steel-concrete composite structures offer advantages but face durability uncertainties. This review highlights a critical need for durability-informed design criteria to advance their practical application.

Keywords:

PRISMA 2020 review adhesive bonding bond behavior interfacial mechanics steel–concrete composites structural behavior

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

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Published on: June 27, 2018

Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors

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Published on: April 10, 2018

Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Flexible Connectors for Use in Insulated Concrete Wall Panels

Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Flexible Connectors for Use in Insulated Concrete Wall Panels

Published on: October 19, 2022

Area of Science:

Civil Engineering
Materials Science
Structural Engineering

Background:

Adhesively bonded steel-concrete composite structures present an alternative to traditional connections.
These systems offer improved stiffness and load redistribution but lack long-term reliability data.
Uncertainties in durability hinder widespread adoption in structural engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and synthesize research on adhesively bonded connections in steel-concrete composites.
To identify research gaps, particularly concerning durability and long-term performance.
To develop a framework for durability-informed design criteria.

Main Methods:

A PRISMA 2020-based systematic literature review was conducted.
64 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus and Web of Science (2000-2026) were analyzed.
Qualitative thematic synthesis and bibliometric mapping were employed due to methodological heterogeneity.

Main Results:

Six thematic axes were identified: global behavior, interface mechanics, modeling, strengthening, durability, and hybrid systems.
A significant research gap was identified in durability and long-term performance.
A substrate-conditioned interpretive framework linking mechanics, durability, and reliability was developed.

Conclusions:

Existing research on adhesively bonded steel-concrete composites is fragmented regarding testing and metrics.
Durability and long-term performance are critical areas requiring further investigation.
This review provides a roadmap for developing durability-informed design criteria for these advanced structural systems.